History of the Computer :: Computers Technology Historical Essays

History of the Computer PC For the most part, a PC is any gadget that can perform numerical Calculations - even a calculator, a math device, or a slide rule. Right now, in any case, the term for the most part alludes to an electronic gadget that can utilize a rundown of guidelines, called a program, to perform counts or to store, control, and recover data. The present PCs are wonders of scaling down. Machines that once gauged 30 tons and consumed distribution center size rooms presently may weigh as meager as three pounds (1.4 kilograms) and can be conveyed in a suit pocket. The core of the present PCs are coordinated circuits (ICs), here and there called microchips, or essentially chips. These little silicon wafers can contain a huge number of tiny electronic parts and are intended for some particular activities: some control a whole PC (CPU, or focal handling unit, chips); some perform a large number of scientific tasks every second (math oprocessors); others can store in excess of 16 million characters of data one after another (memory chips). In 1953 there were just around 100 PCs being used in the whole world. Today a huge number of PCs structure the center of electronic items, and in excess of 110 million programmable PCs are being utilized in homes, organizations, government workplaces, and colleges for pretty much every possible reason. PCs come in numerous sizes and shapes. Unique reason, or committed, PCs are intended to perform explicit assignments. Their tasks are restricted to the projects incorporated with their microchips. These PCs are the reason for electronic adding machines and can be found in a large number of other electronic items, including computerized watche (controlling planning, cautions, and shows), cameras (checking shade velocities and opening settings), and vehicles (controlling fuel infusion, warming, and cooling and observing several electronic sensors). Universally useful PCs, for example, PCs and business PCs, are considerably more flexible in light of the fact that they can acknowledge new arrangements of guidelines. Each new arrangement of guidelines, or program, empowers a similar PC to play out an alternate sort of activity. For instance, one program lets the PC demonstration like a word processor, another lets it oversee inventories, but then another changes it into a computer game. Albeit some universally useful PCs are as little as pocket radios, the littlest class of completely utilitarian, independent PCs is the class called scratch pad PCs. These normally comprise of a CPU, information stockpiling gadgets called plate drives, a fluid precious stone presentation (LCD), and a full-size console - all housed in a solitary unit sufficiently little to fit into a portfolio.

How will professional organizations play a role in your professional Assignment - 1

In what capacity will proficient associations assume a job in your expert life - Assignment Example All the more impressive processors are utilized in the cell phones, cameras to process the different sorts of signs, playing of interactive media. We feel that coolers, gas cooker, iron, and so on gadgets will have a lot of created microchip to process different errands. People’s want to make all procedures consequently done, power individuals to utilize different processors-incorporated gadgets, for example, processor in the microwave can conclude how to warm items, and later on processors will naturally cook dishes, nearly without the people’s intercession. We should underline that proficient associations help their individuals in securing their positions, or extend to them employment opportunity postings and they help individuals to secure their position. What's more, I believe that in my expert life it will be the beginning of my vocation. We realize that after the examination procedure we need more understanding to introduce great job and expert association can help with tutoring.. Also, it very well may be considered as the foundation of our expert life, as expert association can give the laborer capacity to pick up understanding from other much experienced specialists from a similar field. Proficient association can likewise offer proficient advancement through the courses, distributions, workshops, and they can have some exceptional data accessible just for site individuals (Anderson, 2012). They can send fundamental data to the laborer to realize new industry slants, and will help in managing them. We can likewise underline exceptional yearly gatherings pointed on the systems administration. This is a decent chance to blend in with others laborers who for long time work in field. Besides, such meetings can be a vocation reasonable, where one can make contacts with the future chief (Anderson, 2012). Anderson, L. (n.d.). 5 Reasons Professional Organizations are Worth Joining. Recovered February 23, 2015, from

AT&T “Don’t text while driving” Essay

This destructive Combination is brought to an awful point in the YouTube video called â€Å"Don’t content while driving† is likewise a battle begun by AT&T in 2010 â€Å"It can wait†. Ordinary individuals are murdered in fender benders. Engine vehicles are answerable for the lives of numerous honest drivers and travelers out and about. A typical explanation answerable for these mishaps include messaging while at the same time driving. Messaging and driving ventures awful mishaps whose outcomes can be lethal and groundbreaking. AT&T bolsters drivers to not content and drive out and about through their â€Å"Don’t content while driving† promotions. In one of the short stories, a youngster experiences mind harm as an outcome to the instant message â€Å"Where r† he was sending while at the same time working an engine vehicle. Another of AT&T’s short stories exemplifies a sister of a messaging and driving casualty. AT&T’s video sets a thoughtful state of mind, utilizes dependable spokespersons and utilizations style in printed data to engage the crowd while persuading watchers to not content and drive. AT&T’s â€Å"Don’t content while driving† video sets up a relatable mind-set featured by the setting of the accounts. Opening this amazing video is Missouri State Officer Grant Hendrix, he was the specialist on call on the area of Mariah West’s lethal mishap. He portrays her physical deformation from her vehicle savagely slamming into an interstate obstruction. Getting tore up Officer Hendrix at that point says, â€Å"it’s clever the principal thing I saw about her was her shoes lying in the roadway in a huge pool blood I saw her shoes and I thought this is a little youngster, that’s the primary thing I thought when I saw this young lady and by then is the reason I saw her top and outfit was still in her vehicle and that she was going to g raduate the following day this was only an extremely horrendous seen all on account of a silly book message† (0:54) Seeing a veteran official get enthusiastic, in any event, conceding he sees these sorts of things frequently offers an amazing expression. Close to the finish of the video he offering a powerful expression saying, â€Å"She paid the ultimateâ price for her life I’ve needed to do this more than once she was by all account not the only casualty that I have managed and it never gets any simpler and it won’t get any simpler was it justified, despite all the trouble losing your life over that content message†(7:18) In the â€Å"Yeah† story with the sister of a casualty, the setting is in the solace of a home. Crowds can identify with the setting on the grounds that nearly everybody has or endeavors to have a spot to call home. Ashley, the sister of a messaging a driving casualty, can never again be at comfort in her own home without her sister. Realizing she sent the instant message that caused the demise of her sister is something she finds troublesome ignore . Conversely, the â€Å"Where r† business closes with a youngster in a restoration place. He sits in the facility holding an indication of the content that completely changed him. Encompassing him is a wheel seat, practice balls, and building squares implied for kids. The setting depicts his new life figuring out how to work so as to have a typical life once more. In the two cases, the setting requests to tenderness yet in differentiating ways. The crowd can identify with the two circumstances by having a spot to consider home and what the results of messaging a driving would be if one’s life was changed until the end of time. The casual recognition of a home can rapidly change the disposition of a crowd of people after a horrible encounter. Also, a recovery center isn't a perfect spot for an individual to need to spend a mind-blowing remainder. Poignancy is found in these commercials by associating with the audience’s feelings. The setting summons sentiments of co mpassion for the crowd to make a relatable state of mind. Not exclusively does the setting convince crowds to not content and drive, the speakers introduced in the plugs are solid and dependable. AT&T has consciously not employed on-screen characters to talk about the risks of messaging and driving in their ads. Rather they utilize genuine individuals who have individual information and experience of the impacts of messaging a driving. AT&T successfully utilizes ethos by getting the crowd to relate to the representative. They are ordinary residents whose lives were totally changed in light of an instant message. The sister in the â€Å"Yeah† story Ashley, recounts her sister saying how clever she was and how her sister was continually messaging her. One could tell they had a solid relationship before it was annihilated by the deadly fender bender. In like manner, by simply tuning in to the man with mind harm talk, the crowd identifies with him. As he battles to put on aâ shirt, we see the physical impacts the mishap has take n on him. This video additionally unequivocally bids to feeling since it makes the crowd feel sorry for the speakers. A passionate association is made by the crowd and the speakers in these commercials. All things considered, AT&T addresses the issue of messaging and passing through ethos and poignancy introduced by the commercial’s speakers. Alongside relating to the speakers, AT&T’s â€Å"Don’t content while driving† video depicts a one of a kind style to persuade the crowd to not content and drive. For instance, after the speaker recounts to their story, a clear white screen shows up with the individual instant message in striking, dark letters. The dull screen with inverse hues proposes a clear influence procedure that powers the crowd to concentrate on the screen and the message being introduced. These straightforward methodologies claim to sentiment in light of the fact that every hold a solid message that invigorates the audiences’ feelings. Toward the finish of the video, AT&T gives source data from Virginia Tech Institute dated from the year 2009. â€Å"Studies demonstrate that you are multiple times bound to be engaged with a mishap while messaging and driving†. (8:21) The entirety of the printed data introduced in the commercial delineates emotion. AT&T develops a sensible contention of not messaging and passing through the style exhibited all through the video. Without a doubt, messaging and driving is a rising issue in the public eye. Numerous lives are taken or even changed perpetually as a result of this sacrificial demonstration. More individuals should be educated regarding the results of messaging and driving, and AT&T did only that. AT&T’s â€Å"Don’t content while driving† video persuades watchers to not content and drive through their numerous influential strategies. The plugs not just animate the audiences’ viewpoint, they successfully utilize visual improvements to present and cease drivers from messaging and driving. Considering the speakers’ believability, ethos is available in the video also. The settings, states of mind, speakers, and style all add to the influence of a group of people in this video. AT&T not just sells PDAs, the organization willingly volunteered to introduce an issue brought about by mobile phones. AT&T can connect with a crowd of people while advancing a reason and publicizing their phone organization in their â€Å"Don’t content while driving† video. On an individual note I have gotten myself liable of doing this every once in a while, I am embarrassed to let it be known yet it’s valid. I don’t accept anybody ought to be messaging while at the same time driving, yet how would I contend against something I am liable of myself? Do I utilize the familiar maxim â€Å"do as I state, not as I do†? That appears to be two-faced, yet subsequent to watching this video I need to state stop and think before getting that telephone while driving. It moved me the most observing the sister Ashley fashioned with blame over her sister’s demise. This was the most impressive for me, having lost somebody I excessively felt remorseful over losing it stepped AT&T’s message directly in my heart. Lisa Walsh

The Key to Successful Sixth Grade Persuasive Essay Samples

The Key to Successful Sixth Grade Persuasive Essay Samples It should demonstrate the principal argument you're trying for. Drunk drivers ought to be imprisoned on the very first offense. As you can readily recognize, it all starts with a suitable argument. A seasoned professional will make an error-free assignment right away and can help you boost your grades. Partner or group work Setting aside a couple of minutes in class for students to speak with one another about their writing can be helpful. Despite the fact that you pay for homework, we provide those options free of charge. Even in the event the deadline is very tight, feel free to get hold of our managers. The Tried and True Method for Sixth Grade Persuasive Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail Likewise, it has to be logically complete and express a particular idea. There's absolutely nothing wrong with the standard school year. The word itself is a nightmare to a lot of students, particularly to those who drea d writing. You will need a strong argument if you wish to find a person to agree with your opinion when you compose an essay. The essay should provide a well-rounded comprehension of all issues before the author shows his personal conclusions and opinions. The debut of each written work ought to have a very clear thesis statement or argument. At the conclusion of reading this kind of essay, the audience should clearly understand the problem or controversy and have sufficient info to make an educated decision about the matter. Providing the reader with the fundamental breakdown of the organization of the discussion makes sure that the stream of thought is understood in the entire essay body. It doesn't matter to us, whether you're too busy on the job concentrating on a passion undertaking, or simply tired of a seemingly infinite stream of assignments. The primary purpose of this form of assignment is to provide an argumentative analysis on a specific topic. Frequently you w ill examine what other folks have already said on the exact subject and include this information utilizing paraphrasing and summarising skills, in addition to correct citations. The Tried and True Method for Sixth Grade Persuasive Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail How can you cite info in an essay How to begin and conclude a gcse english essay effectively extensive subject. however, it can be grouped into english language and literature it's important to refer back to the original question throughout where ever it could be possible. The very first sentence of each paragraph should play off the previous sentence of the prior paragraph to provide a smooth transition. Printable essay outline templates absolutely free pdf word examples writing an essay or an assignment can be an extremely difficult job especially when you've got tons. There are a couple of easy guidelines to follow as a way to be in a position to compose a very good persuasive essay. The actual men and women highly praise our essay help site. You can depend on the ideal essay help online. Professional customized essay writers for hire to make your essay from scratch. The Fight Against Sixth Grade Persuasive Essay Samples Let's install automated hand dryers at our school whenever possible. Ultimately, teachers have to be paid for all of the weeks they're working. Children should have the ability to use cellphones in school. Similarly, they would not be able to go to most summer camps. The True Meaning of Sixth Grade Persuasive Essay Samples Your list will just supply you with a headache if you don't locate a remedy to end your problems. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you wind up getting an excellent grade. You see, very good arguments are the ones that make someone doubt their own beliefs. To begin with, l et's define the varieties of argument available and strategies that you may follow. Whatever They Told You About Sixth Grade Persuasive Essay Samples Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why The very first paragraph should contain the most significant point which you plan to make about the literary work and ought to give details to support the claim. Remember you will have to produce several essential points that will support your case This ought to be a single sentence statement that's very clear and concise. It's only supposed to give it direction and draw out the key points. Be certain to have more than only one point to support your principal points. Your orders will be carried out exactly as you desire. In this instance, learning numerous sentences has lots of benefits. These words and phrases may be used. The previous sentence needs to be persuasive to the most important point and ought to show that the essay is coming to a finish.

History Of American Medical Ethics - 825 Words

While the history of American medical ethics dates back four centuries (Baker, 2013), it is critical to differentiate between what was strictly medical ethics; the ethics between physician and patient, physician and physician, and physician and community versus bioethics: all of the aforementioned with the addition of scientific research involving human subjects â€Å"†¦in reaction to researchers’ exploitation of vulnerable populations, most notably the 399 African-American males deceived into serving as research subjects by the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) in its Tuskegee, a Syphilis Study†. (1932-1972) (Baker). Prior to the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, physicians, along with other medical professionals (midwives, nurses), traditionally rendered services based on a sizeable range of oaths and codes that aimed for just care and treatment of patients. The Belmont Report articulated not only what was morally outrageous about the Tuskegee Study, identifying that â⠂¬Å"Earlier American ideals of just treatment differ from those expounded in the Belmont Report† (Baker), but became the origination for bioethics. Baker expounds that social unrest and morally disruptive technologies furthered the exponential growth of as well as the recognition of the importance of the field of bioethics. Since then, the medical and research communities have understood the necessity of teaching and incorporating bioethics into the education of future practitioners of medicine and science but have notShow MoreRelatedTuskegee1630 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tuskegee Research Study on Syphilis Stephan J. Skotko University of Phoenix January 13, 2010 HCS-435 Ethics: Health Care and Social Responsibility Edward Casey Every person or family member who has faced a medical crisis during his or her lifetime has at one point hoped for an immediate cure, a process that would deter any sort of painful or prolonged convalescence. Medical research always has paralleled a cure or treatment. From the beginning of the turn of the 20th century the mostRead MoreMerriem Webster Dictionary Defines Ethics As The Principles915 Words   |  4 PagesMerriem Webster Dictionary defines ethics as the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group; a guiding philosophy (Ethic). Moral concepts governing a groups behavior cannot â€Å"be examined and understood apart from their history (MacIntyre, 1). Behavior that is seen as good and bad is depicted in ancient literature and poems. Iliad occurs during the Trojan War, circa 500 BC. Socrates (circa 470/469 – 399 BC) is known as one of the founders of modern philosophy; the Socratic Method isRead MoreEthics of Red Cross1495 Words   |  6 PagesHEALTH CA RE ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Michael B. Boone Code of Ethics A Look at the American Red Cross Date: January 25, 2015 The American Red Cross has been known to be one of the most humanitarian organizations in the United States and throughout the world aiding and helping in different series of generous contributions in many disaster areas as well as bringing health care advancement to communities in the Unites States and in the world that need help in development (DullesRead MoreMedicinal Practices from the American Revolution to the War of 18121308 Words   |  5 PagesMedicinal Practices; American Revolution to the War of 1812 For centuries, war has consumed millions of souls. It has caused heartache and has torn families apart. Today, properly educated doctors and nurses can treat wounds and injuries with proper care, but this taken for granted assistance wasn’t always readily available. In the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, nearly 30,000 American soldiers died. However, rather than being killed on the battlefield, the majority of soldiers died whileRead MoreLksjfklfj1460 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Latourette April 15, 2014 Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceutical needs have been a part of everyday human life ever since we have walked on this Earth. It is a need that is demanded each and every day by different people, for various medical conditions. It is incredible how the medicine today differs from the ones back then, including the way it was advertised and the process of it being made. In the nineteenth century, pharmaceutical companies used marketing tools through advertisementsRead MoreShould Medicine Be A Self Regulating Profession1383 Words   |  6 Pagesto eachother, or whether members of the general public should monitor the ethical conduct of doctors. Throughout history professionals go through a series of changes that adapt to their changing social and political environments. The responses to incremental change can be very successful, but often lead to a patchwork approach when attempting to strengthen an overall system. The medical profession is no exception. Over the years, the profession has attempted to self-regulate, but given the socialRead MoreEthical Healthcare Issues Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesDouglas Health Law and Ethics/HCS 545 October 17, 2011 Nancy Moody Ethical Healthcare Issues Paper In today’s health care industry providing quality patient care and avoiding harm are the foundations of ethical practices. However, many health care professionals are not meeting the guidelines or expectations of the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) or obeying the organizations code of ethics policies, especially with the use of electronic medical records (EMR). Many patientsRead MoreWhy Do They End Up Committing Harmful Unethical Acts?1398 Words   |  6 Pages America has gone through an extensive moral and ethical history, from slavery to modern marriage rights. In the modern day many people are brought up with what typically would be regarded as good morals and ethics, yet as they grow up into adults many commit unethical or immoral acts. Those that are not brought up with what the majority of society thinks is ideal, probably were still taught by their parents what they believed to be correct, even though their way of thinking may be considered outdatedR ead MoreEssay on Internet - Ethics of Online Medical Records1299 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ethics of Online Medical Records      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract:   This paper describes the ethical implications of developing a national online medical database.   Such a database would contain the lifetime health records of every U.S. resident by combining information from a variety of sources.   The advantages of such a system are many, but in the end, the question remains whether patients want to trade privacy for better healthcare.    A lonely ninety-year-old Chinese woman walks into a clinicRead MoreThe Ethics Of Ethics For Healthcare Quality Professionals1272 Words   |  6 Pagespractices and values, continuing education on ethics for everyone involved, successful ethics substructure, and morally spirited and dauntless leaders (Winkler, 2005). These organizations have a vision and statements that directs behavior and decision making. The Code of Ethics furnishes a definitive model of conduct. The standard of conduct is entrenched in associations, affiliations, confidentiality, and commitment with health care professionals. The Code of Ethics for healthcare quality professionals

Mccutcheon V. Fec Case - 1279 Words

McCutcheon v. FEC was a landmark case in American campaign finance law which challenged that it is unconstitutional to limit an individual’s donations to as many parties as they want because in doing so their freedom of speech is being violated. The plaintiff is Shaun McCutcheon who is part of the Jefferson County Republic Party Steering Committee as well as the Reagan Foundation. The Republican National Committee was also a plaintiff. This case is a constitutional challenge to aggregate limits on contributions to federal candidates and to political committees such as PACs and parties. These aggregate limits restrict the total amount of money an individual may contribute to all candidates or all political committees during an election cycle. The plaintiff did not challenge the individual contribution limits on particular political entities but challenged the additional cap BCRA places on the total an individual can place on all political contributions. BCRA stands for the Bipa rtisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, which addressed two main issues: â€Å"prohibiting national political party committees from raising or spending any funds not subject to federal limits . . . and the proliferation of issue advocacy ads† (which is defined as â€Å"electioneering communication† and was over turned in Citizens United v. FEC) (Campaign Finance Law Quick Reference for Reporters). So what does this mean exactly? Shaun McCutcheon saw it unconstitutional that he had a cap limit thatShow MoreRelatedPro Quo Corruption : Political Institutions And Agencies1685 Words   |  7 PagesAmendment rights. This unfortunately allows the Supreme Court and its jurisprudence to try and make decisions based on their own interpretations regarding campaign finance. The amount of money that is dumped into campaigns today is tremendous. The FEC reported that candidates, parties and outside groups spent about $7 billion on the 2012 election (politico.com). Campaign costs are so high; no wonder incumbents are believed to be susceptible to swaying policies in favor of their campaign contributorsRead MoreTo What Extent Has the Roberts Court Witnessed a Revival of Conservative Activism?817 Words   |  4 Pagesdramatic ways. Warren Court Cases | 1954 Brown vs the Board | Based on 14th Amendment- ended segregation and overturned Plessey vs Fergusson | Baker v. Carr  and  Reynolds v. Sims 1962-4 | Based on the 14th Amendment- asserted the right of all votes to be of equal value- and lead to reapportionment across the USA. | Gideon v. Wainwright,1963   Miranda v. Arizona,  1966 | Right to legal representation and to be informed of rights. The ‘Miranda warning’ |   Engel v. Vitale 1962 | Outlawed schoolRead MoreThe First Step Towards Lasting Campaign Finance Reform2697 Words   |  11 Pagesfreedoms guaranteed by the Constitution? Of particular focus recently is the Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission case, for which The Supreme Court heard oral argument on March 24, 2009 and the subsequent 9-0 ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in the Speechnow.org v. Federal Election Commission in March 26, 2010 case. Together these two precedent-setting cases are credited with establishing the legal framework that allowed for the recent creation of â€Å"Super

Do Standardized Tests Really Measure Intelligence free essay sample

Some may beg to differ when people say the SAT or ACT are not fair to everyone. Not everyone may test well, so these tests are not an accurate assessment of someone’s intelligence. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the SAT first stood for the Scholastic Aptitude Test, then the Scholastic Assessment Test; now it does not stand for anything. The SAT is a college entrance exam for high school students, and it measures strictly mathematical and verbal reasoning skills. On the other hand, the ACT, which stood for American College Testing, is scored differently and measures English, math, reading, science and an optional writing section. Some people may argue that these standardized tests will determine how well someone will do in college, but then again some people are not good test takers and perform better on tests that they can study for. Therefore, I believe standardized tests do not accurately measure intelligence of people because everyone performs differently on tests. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Standardized Tests Really Measure Intelligence? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are many advantages to taking standardized tests such as the SAT and ACT. One being practicality, which is the biggest argument of standardized tests. Aspects include: Standardized tests are less time-consuming than more complicated assessments that need personal time with every student. Standardized tests are easier to administer. There are explicit directions given and each student is given the same directions in the same way. They are easier to grade, machines do it for us. They are very easy to use a computer to track progress and levels of achievement for different groups of students in different subjects. Holloway) Secondly, accountability plays a huge role in the pros of these tests. Nathan, author of â€Å"The Human Face of the High-Stakes Testing Story† says, â€Å"Setting high expectations for students and holding them accountable for the same standards, leads to achievement gains. High-stakes testing forces students to take education seriously† (Nathan). In other words, if it was not for these tests, then students would not take sc hool seriously and would have no records of how they can apply their knowledge. Lastly, instigator of change is the pro that is least important. Gardner, author of â€Å"Forecasting and Managing Student Achievement on High-Stakes Test† states, â€Å"when we identify a problem in a classroom, school, or district we can then take active steps in correcting that problem. In addition, achievement data from tests provide teachers with valuable information to improve classroom and student learning† (Gardner). Which means, some people may think that the SAT’s may be a fair and reliable test for students to take to get into college, but others may feel that the students GPA is more important for the colleges to look at. Gatson, author of â€Å"SATs Help Colleges Make Smarter Admissions Calls,† also articulates, The SAT offers a standardized, level playing field in the admissions process, where grade inflation has made it difficult to weigh the real value of the GPA of a student from one school against that of a student from another† (Caperton). Meaning it’s hard to compare the scores with the students GPA among different schools. On the contrary, what is so bad about standardized testing? Standardized tests do not measure what someone has learned because it is all knowledge that has been retained and applied over the years of being educated. For example, Popham, author of â€Å"Right Task Wrong Tool† states, It is a common misconception that what is taught in a classroom and what is tested are the same thing. It is also wrongly thought that what is tested is what is taught in the classroom. Unfortunately, what students are tested on, dont always match up with the instructional content and objectives of the classroom. This is what is known as testing-teaching mismatches.   In a study done at MSU almost 20 years ago, researchers found that as many as 50% of the items on a nationally standardized achievement test may cover topics that students wouldnt in the classroom in a given locality. (Popham) But then again, people have tutors and study for specific sections of these standardized tests and would argue that its not â€Å"natural knowledge. † I think t hey should be testing information that is already learned knowledge not material just for these tests. Standardized tests do not reflect what students learn in school; therefore do not measure intelligence. The information you learn in high school prepares one for college; consequently, that is what I think the student should be tested on to be admitted into colleges. â€Å"Standardized tests are not really fair and do not measure the ability to think or create in any field† (What’s Wrong.. ).